RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: 'Man flu' is a popular term to describe hypersensitivity to acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in men. While this pop-cultural description may influence the social perspective of ARS, so far, no prospective observational data on the gender-specific natural development of ARS is available. METHODS: Secondary data analyses were performed from the placebo arm of a prospective, interventional phase IV clinical trial. Objective measurement of ARS symptoms were assessed with the Major Symptom Score (MSS), a clinician-rated assessment tool. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) was used for symptom self-report. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with gender as a group variable were used to investigate changes in MMS and SNOT-22 total score and subscales over time. RESULTS: While MMS scores did not differ at baseline, women showed a significantly greater reduction than men with a medium effect size (p = .040) over time. In the patient-reported symptom score, women showed a significantly higher symptom load at baseline (p = .038), but also a significantly faster subjective improvement of symptoms than men during the course of time with a medium effect size (p = .020). However, when separately assessing the SNOT-22 subscales, a significant time*gender effect was only found for emotional symptoms (p = .047). No gender effect was found for neither nasal, otological, or sleep symptoms (all p > .05). DISCUSSION: Although a certain gender difference was found both in the clinician- as well as patient-rated ARS symptoms, the hypothesis of a 'man flu' should be disregarded. Gender differences in ARS symptomatology should be carefully evaluated without stigmatizing symptom distress based on gender perceptions.
